Panchkula is surrounded by Himachal Pradesh in the north and east, Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh in the west and by Ambala districtin the south as well as east. Panchkula district shares its borders with Chandigarh, Mohali, Solan and Ambala districts.
Panchkula district has a sub tropical continental monsoon climate having, hot summers, cool winters, good monsoon rainfall. It has great variation in temperature (-1 °C to 43 °C). Sometimes winter frost occurs during December and January. The district also receives winter rains from the western disturbance. The rainfall is mostly received in the monsoon. Morni hills constitute the highest point of the district as well as of Haryana. The Ghaggar river is the only perennial river. It is very shallow outside of the monsoons. The Ghaggar river system is now thought to be the original Saraswati river. It now dries up in Rajasthan and does not reach the sea. This is due to geological changes that diverted the Sutlej from Ropar to take another channel. The important rivers/streams of the district are Ghaggar, Sirsa, Kaushalya.
Generally the slope of the district is from north east to south west and in this direction, most of the rivers/streams rainfed torrents flow down and spread much gravels and pebbles in their beds. Only the Sirsa river, in Kalka Tehsil, flows towards northwest through a u arrow halt of shivalik tract. The soils in the district are mainly light loam (seoti) piedmont (Ghar and Kandi), Swalik (pahar), silticlay (Naili and chhachhra Dakar) etc.
The under ground water in the district occurs under confirmed and semi-confirmed conditions which is generally fresh and suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes. The under ground water level is generally high in the southern parts and low in north and northeast which is hilly tract. The district lies in a region where earthquakes of moderate to high intensity have been felt in the past. Being situated at the Himalayan boundary fault zones it is prone to earthquakes.
Urban Estate Panchkula[edit]
The new urban estate of Panchkula is west of Chandigarh. The Chandigarh railway station is near the Chandigarh-Panchkula boundary, and has an exit toward Panchkula. The areas of Shivalik Enclave and Manimajra are towards the Northwest of Panchkula Urban estate. The Cantonment ofChandimandir is north of Panchkula urban estate, towards the Urban estate's southern edge is Zirakpur in Punjab.
Most of the developed sectors are west of the Ghaggar river. The Shimla highway cuts through the estate mostly parallel to the Ghaggar. Its newer sectors are on the western banks of the Ghaggar. It is developed on outskirts of Chandigarh, amongst the picturesque background of the Shivalik hillsand the Ghaggar River. The township has been subdivided into residential sectors, industrial sectors, parks and areas for regional recreation, major institutions, markets, and government and semi-government offices.
The eastern sectors are on the edge of Ramgarh, through which a road runs south to Dera Bassi in Punjab via Mubarakpur. East of Ramgarh on the road to Naraingarh (in Ambala district) is Barwala where an industrial estate has been set up and Raipur Rani where Sabeer Bhatia is proposing to set up a Nano city. The road to Nahan- Paonta- Dehradun goes through these towns. Short of Raipur Rani is a turn that goes to Dosarka between Ambala and Yamunanagar.
A large area south of Old Panchkula between Ambala-Kalka national highway and the Ghaggar River has been developed for recreation. The area has a golf course, and a sports complex, named Tau Devi Lal Sports complex. Tau Devi Lal Sports Complex has been popular due to the ICL Cricket Tournaments here.
North of Chandimandir are hills and Pinjore as well as Kalka, due west of Pinjore is the industrial area of Baddi. HMT factory is in Pinjore and an ancillary industrial estate of HMT with built-up sheds has been established. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL-A government of India Enterprise) was set up on approximately 58 acres (230,000 m2) of land in Panchkula Industrial Area and today employs a large work force.
Phase I[edit]
Sectors 1 through to 19, and Industrial area this is shaped like a large triangle, with the railway line being one side of the triangle and the Zirakpur Kalka road being another. The Industrial area is largely along the railway line. All the prime sectors and a well-developed markets encompasses this triangle. Near Phase I there is ABHAYPUR, an urban area consisting of thick population of people who contribute to the manpower of industrial area's companies.
Phase 2[edit]
Sectors 20 through to 30. This has some sectors across the Zirakpur-Kalka road and many on both sides of the banks of the Ghagghar. This area is developing and with the years to come it will be known as modern Panchkula. But no one knows what development is planed and how long it take place . Perfect example for joying on the cast of allocates. Sectors across Gagar River are at present at Ram Borosay. worst example of poor administration,worst hit sector 25,where no administration prevails.
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